From Celebrities to Anyone: Characterizing AI Nudification Content, Technology, and Community Dynamics on 4chan

GenAI Diffusion TDIG AI Safety / AI Ethics AFBD GCEBR
人工智能“脱衣”技术利用生成式模型,为真实个体合成非自愿的、带有性暗示的虚假影像(SNEACI)。以往研究主要聚焦于专门提供此类服务的“脱衣”平台及模型仓库,发现其目标人物绝大多数为女性名人。然而,作为SNEACI被主动索求、生成与传播的匿名内容社区,却始终未被系统考察。本研究首次对现实环境中的人工智能“脱衣”现象开展大规模实证调查,共识别出24,105件SNEACI内容。我们发现目标人群的构成发生了显著变化:非公众人物(即普通个体)如今占全部目标的55.8%,而此前同类研究中该比例仅为4.7%——这表明人工智能“脱衣”行为已不再局限于针对公众人物,正日益蔓延至用户自身社交圈内的普通人,对其造成直接侵害。与此同时,开源模型已成为内容生产的主要驱动力:Stable Diffusion系列模型生成了42.7%的图像,而Wan模型则产出66.5%的视频;这些成果均依托于数千个公开共享的微调模型及大量易获取的操作教程。然而,整个生态系统的运转实际上高度依赖一小群活跃的内容制作者:其中最高产者一人即制作了780件内容,他们不仅驱动社区互动、塑造目标人群特征,还持续传播技术知识,大幅降低了新入行者的参与门槛。本研究首次基于实证数据,全面揭示了人工智能“脱衣”在现实网络环境中的运作机制,阐明了维系该非法生态的关键环节,并凸显出亟需在平台治理、技术防护措施以及受侵害个体权益保障等方面采取紧急干预行动的必要性。
AI nudification uses generative models to create synthetic non-consensual sexually explicit imagery (SNEACI) of real individuals. Prior work has examined dedicated nudification platforms and model repositories, finding that most targets are female celebrities. However, the anonymous content community, where SNEACI is actively requested, generated, and exchanged, remains unexplored. In this work, we present a large-scale study of AI nudification in the wild, identifying 24,105 SNEACI items. We find a significant shift in target demographics: non-celebrity individuals now account for 55.8\% of targets, compared to only 4.7\% in prior studies, indicating that AI nudification has expanded from targeting public figures to increasingly harming individuals within users' own social circles. Meanwhile, open-source models dominate production, with Stable Diffusion family generating 42.7\% of images and Wan generating 66.5\% of videos, all driven by thousands of shared fine-tuned models and accessible tutorials. Yet the ecosystem runs on a small cohort of active producers, with the most prolific producing 780 items, drives community engagement, shapes target demographics, and disseminates technical knowledge that lowers barriers for new producers. Our work provides an empirical understanding of how AI nudification operates in the wild, revealing the mechanisms that sustain this ecosystem and highlighting the urgent need for interventions in platform governance, technical safeguards, and affected individual protection.
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