LeVLJEPA: End-to-End Vision-Language Pretraining Without Negatives

Multimodal Intelligence Vision-Language Pre-training ML SSLRO
视觉-语言预训练目前仍以对比学习目标为主导,而纯视觉的自监督学习则已普遍采用非对比式方法。与此同时,视觉-语言编码器的角色也发生了转变:它们越来越多地不再被用作零样本分类器,而是作为视觉-语言模型及密集预测系统中被冻结的视觉主干网络,其输出为完整的图像块(patch)特征网格,而非单一的池化嵌入向量。我们提出了LeVLJEPA——首个端到端、完全非对比式的视觉-语言预训练方法。LeVLJEPA通过跨模态预测进行学习,采用带停止梯度(stop-gradient)的目标,并对各模态分别施加分布正则化;整个训练过程无需负样本、温度参数、动量编码器或教师-学生调度机制,且在大规模训练时表现出优异的稳定性。实验发现,该方法所得编码器能为下游任务提供显著更优的密集语义特征:当作为冻结的视觉-语言模型主干网络使用时,LeVLJEPA在两种不同语言模型下,在GQA、VQAv2和POPE三项基准任务上,均优于所有被评估的编码器;在语义分割任务上亦超越各类对比式基线方法;而在全局表征任务(例如线性探针)上,则与对比式方法性能相当。这些结果表明,非对比式预训练是一种高效生成密集语义视觉特征的有效途径。
Vision-language pretraining remains dominated by contrastive objectives, whereas vision-only self-supervised learning has largely adopted non-contrastive methods. At the same time, the role of vision-language encoders has shifted: they are increasingly deployed not as zero-shot classifiers but as the frozen visual backbone of vision-language models and dense prediction systems, which consume the full grid of patch tokens rather than a single pooled embedding. We introduce LeVLJEPA, the first fully non-contrastive end-to-end vision-language pretraining method. LeVLJEPA learns through cross-modal prediction with stop-gradient targets and per-modality distributional regularization, without negatives, temperature, momentum encoder, or teacher-student schedule, and trains stably at large scale. We find that the resulting encoder provides markedly stronger dense semantic features for downstream use: as a frozen vision-language-model backbone, LeVLJEPA is the strongest of the evaluated encoders across GQA, VQAv2, and POPE under two distinct language models, and outperforms contrastive baselines on semantic segmentation, while remaining on par on global readouts such as linear probing. These results establish non-contrastive pretraining as an effective means of producing dense semantic vision features.
许愿