Neural dynamical systems on ferroelectric compute-in-memory for real-time forecasting

AI Systems and Hardware TPU/NPU EDIO
2026年06月15日
神经动力学系统是一类表达能力强的时间预测模型,能够通过细粒度的状态更新来刻画连续时间动力学行为。然而,这种序列化结构与专为密集矩阵运算优化的数字硬件存在严重不匹配;而模拟类脑计算因其天然支持连续时间动力学,恰好可解决这一矛盾。我们提出了FerroNDS——一种基于两类模拟基本单元构建的类脑计算系统:其一是用于时间累积的积分器,其二是用于频率选择性滤波的振荡器。我们将该系统映射至基于多比特铁电二极管(ferrodiodes)的存内计算(compute-in-memory)硬件之上。一个包含128个神经元的FerroNDS实例,能够实时完成短时傅里叶变换,并对周期性、准周期性及混沌信号实现长达500毫秒的时序预测。该系统以低于1瓦的功耗实现实时运行:在200 Hz工作频率下,单神经元单次推理能耗为1.64微焦(μJ);在10 kHz下则降至0.29微焦;相比基于静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)的数字系统,其芯片面积缩小了25–40倍;单层处理延迟分别为3.18毫秒(200 Hz)和63.87微秒(10 kHz)。据我们所知,这是首次将铁电二极管端到端集成至类脑计算框架中,从而确立了铁电存内计算作为模拟神经动力学系统实用硬件平台的地位。
Neural dynamical systems are expressive temporal predictors that capture continuous-time dynamics through fine-grained state updates. However, this sequential structure maps poorly onto digital hardware optimized for dense matrix operations, a mismatch that analog neuromorphic computing, with its native continuous-time dynamics, can resolve. We introduce FerroNDS, a neuromorphic system built from two analog primitives: an integrator for temporal accumulation and an oscillator for frequency-selective filtering. We map this system onto compute-in-memory hardware based on multi-bit ferrodiodes. A 128-neuron instance of FerroNDS computes short-time Fourier transform and forecasts a 500-ms horizon for periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic signals. The system achieves sub-watt real-time operation with per-neuron per-inference energy of 1.64 $μ$J (200 Hz) and 0.29 $μ$J (10 kHz), 25-40$\times$ area reduction over SRAM-based digital systems, and per-layer latency of 3.18 ms (200 Hz) and 63.87 $μ$s (10 kHz). To our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end integration of a ferrodiode into a neuromorphic computational framework, establishing ferroelectric compute-in-memory as a practical substrate for analog neural dynamical systems.
许愿