AI Agents Push Humans Out of the Loop

Agent Human Agent Interaction Other Agents AI Safety / AI Ethics AVAR EVA
人工智能代理在获得日益增强的自主权的同时,也带来了显著风险。一种广为提倡的应对方案是实施人工监督、确保“人在回路中”(human in the loop),但这一方案远非简单可行:不仅当前的人工智能代理设计方法本身即妨碍了有效的人类监督,而且人类履行监督职责所必需的认知能力,也会因长期使用人工智能系统而逐渐退化。本文立场鲜明地指出:当前人工智能代理系统在研发与部署方面的主流路径,并不能支撑真正有效的人类监督——反而正加速其弱化与瓦解。因此,在推进人工智能代理技术发展的过程中,首要任务应是切实支持监督者所处具体情境下的目标设定及其所需的关键认知能力,并将监督者的人本需求,置于与人工智能代理自身能力同等重要的地位。为将这一理念付诸实践,本文将自动化研究与人机交互领域的既有成果,系统性地引入人工智能代理流程之中,从系统设计层面提出若干可供采纳的功能性支持机制(affordances),并配套制定组织运行层面的规范性操作规程;这些措施旨在:(1)切实赋能监督者开展审慎判断与批判性思考;(2)有效遏制因长期依赖自动化而导致的专业技能退化现象。我们呼吁人工智能系统的开发者与部署方积极采纳此类或类似方案。倘若未能对人类与人工智能代理之间高效协作所依赖的认知负荷给予明确而主动的支持,人工智能代理系统将持续以一种隐性却顽固的方式,反向激励其所赖以存续的那些关键人类能力不断衰退。
AI agents pose significant risks as they are granted increasing autonomy. A commonly proposed solution is human oversight and keeping a ''human in the loop'', but this is not a simple solution: Not only do current approaches to AI agent design impede effective human oversight, but the cognitive capacities required for it are also themselves degraded by extended use of AI systems. This position paper argues that current approaches to the development and deployment of AI agent systems do not support effective human oversight -- they contribute to its degradation. To address this, a top priority in the advancement of AI agents should be supporting the situated goals and cognitive requirements of effective human oversight, treating the human needs of overseers at the same level of importance as AI agent capability. To put this idea into practice, we connect work on automation and human-computer interaction to AI agent processes, outlining design-level affordances and organizational protocols that (1) support overseers in exercising critical judgement and (2) counteract the skill atrophy that arises from extended use of automation. We urge developers and deployers to adopt these or similar approaches. Without explicit support for the cognitive demands of effective human-agent interaction, AI agent systems will continue to passively incentivize the degradation of the very human skills they rely on.
许愿