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刘典
复旦大学中国研究院副研究员
前言
会后,“网信中国”微信公众号发布《全球人工智能治理倡议》。《倡议》提出要加强全球人工智能治理,促进合作共赢,确保安全可控,防止偏见歧视。
要点
《全球人工智能治理倡议》全文
人工智能是人类发展新领域。当前,全球人工智能技术快速发展,对经济社会发展和人类文明进步产生深远影响,给世界带来巨大机遇。与此同时,人工智能技术也带来难以预知的各种风险和复杂挑战。人工智能治理攸关全人类命运,是世界各国面临的共同课题。
——增强发展中国家在人工智能全球治理中的代表性和发言权,确保各国人工智能发展与治理的权利平等、机会平等、规则平等,开展面向发展中国家的国际合作与援助,不断弥合智能鸿沟和治理能力差距。积极支持在联合国框架下讨论成立国际人工智能治理机构,协调国际人工智能发展、安全与治理重大问题。
Global AI Governance Initiative
Artificial
intelligence (AI) is a new area of human development. Currently, the fast development
of AI around the globe has exerted profound influence on socioeconomic
development and the progress of human civilization, and brought huge
opportunities to the world. However, AI technologies also bring about
unpredictable risks and complicated challenges. The governance of AI, a common
task faced by all countries in the world, bears on the future of
humanity.
As global peace
and development faces various challenges, all countries should commit to a
vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and put
equal emphasis on development and security. Countries should build consensus
through dialogue and cooperation, and develop open, fair, and efficient
governing mechanisms, in a bid to promote AI technologies to benefit humanity
and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
We call on all
countries to enhance information exchange and technological cooperation on the
governance of AI. We should work together to prevent risks, and develop AI
governance frameworks, norms and standards based on broad consensus, so as to
make AI technologies more secure, reliable, controllable, and equitable. We
welcome governments, international organizations, companies, research
institutes, civil organizations, and individuals to jointly promote the
governance of AI under the principles of extensive consultation, joint
contribution, and shared benefits.
To make this
happen, we would like to suggest the following:
We should uphold a
people-centered approach in developing AI, with the goal of increasing the
wellbeing of humanity and on the premise of ensuring social security and
respecting the rights and interests of humanity, so that AI always develops in
a way that is beneficial to human civilization. We should actively support the
role of AI in promoting sustainable development and tackling global challenges
such as climate change and biodiversity conservation.
We should respect
other countries’ national sovereignty and strictly abide by their laws when
providing them with AI products and services. We oppose using AI technologies
for the purposes of manipulating public opinion, spreading disinformation,
intervening in other countries’ internal affairs, social systems and social
order, as well as jeopardizing the sovereignty of other states.
We must adhere to
the principle of developing AI for good, respect the relevant international
laws, and align AI development with humanity’s common values of peace,
development, equity, justice, democracy, and freedom. We should work together
to prevent and fight against the misuse and malicious use of AI technologies by
terrorists, extreme forces, and transnational organized criminal groups. All
countries, especially major countries, should adopt a prudent and responsible
attitude to the research, development, and application of AI technologies in
the military field.
We should uphold
the principles of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit in AI
development. All countries, regardless of their size, strength, or social
system, should have equal rights to develop and use AI. We call for global
collaboration to foster the sound development of AI, share AI knowledge, and
make AI technologies available to the public under open-source terms. We oppose
drawing ideological lines or forming exclusive groups to obstruct other
countries from developing AI. We also oppose creating barriers and disrupting
the global AI supply chain through technological monopolies and unilateral
coercive measures.
We should promote
the establishment of a testing and assessment system based on AI risk levels,
implement agile governance, and carry out tiered and category-based management for
rapid and effective response. R&D entities should improve the
explainability and predictability of AI, increase data authenticity and
accuracy, ensure that AI always remains under human control, and build
trustworthy AI technologies that can be reviewed, monitored, and traced.
We should
gradually establish and improve relevant laws, regulations and rules, and
ensure personal privacy and data security in the R&D and application of AI.
We oppose theft, tampering, leaking, and other illegal collection and use of
personal information.
We should adhere
to the principles of fairness and non-discrimination, and avoid biases and
discrimination based on ethnicities, beliefs, nationalities, genders, etc.,
during the process of data collection, algorithm design, technology
development, and product development and application.
We should put
ethics first. We should establish and improve ethical principles, norms, and
accountability mechanisms for AI, formulate AI ethical guidelines, and build
sci-tech ethical review and regulatory system. We should clarify
responsibilities and power boundaries for entities related to AI, fully respect
and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of various groups, and
address domestic and international ethical concerns in a timely manner.
We should uphold
the principles of wide participation and consensus-based decision-making, adopt
a gradual approach, pay close attention to technological advancements, conduct
risk assessments and policy communication, and share best practices. On this
basis, we should encourage active involvement from multiple stakeholders to
achieve broad consensus in the field of international AI governance, based on
exchange and cooperation and with full respect for differences in policies and
practices among countries.
We should actively
develop and apply technologies for AI governance, encourage the use of AI
technologies to prevent AI risks, and enhance our technological capacity for AI
governance.
We should increase the representation and voice of developing countries in global AI governance, and ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and equal rules for all countries in AI development and governance. Efforts should be made to conduct international cooperation with and provide assistance to developing countries, to bridge the gap in AI and its governance capacity. We support discussions within the United Nations framework to establish an international institution to govern AI, and to coordinate efforts to address major issues concerning international AI development, security, and governance.
关于我们
清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院(Institute for AI International Governance, Tsinghua University,THU I-AIIG)是2020年4月由清华大学成立的校级科研机构。依托清华大学在人工智能与国际治理方面的已有积累和跨学科优势,研究院面向人工智能国际治理重大理论问题及政策需求开展研究,致力于提升清华在该领域的全球学术影响力和政策引领作用,为中国积极参与人工智能国际治理提供智力支撑。
新浪微博:@清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院
微信视频号:THU-AIIG
Bilibili:清华大学AIIG
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