【全球AI战略洞察】栏目由清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院推出，旨在通过对当前人工智能领域发生的重要信息进行“标注、提炼、解读”，剖析全球AI治理各国家间不同的战略图景，以此描绘人工智能治理领域的国际格局。

栏目主理人：刘典

复旦大学中国研究院副研究员、清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院战略与宏观研究项目主任

前言

当地时间11月17日上午，亚太经合组织第三十次领导人非正式会议在美国旧金山莫斯科尼中心举行。会议由美国总统拜登主持，主题为“为所有人创建强韧和可持续未来”。会议发表了《2023年亚太经合组织领导人旧金山宣言》

以下是《2023年亚太经合组织领导人旧金山宣言》的要点整理和原文标注。

一、亚太经合组织共同承诺和愿景：应对经济挑战和环境挑战

1. 推动本地区将亚太经合组织成员对韧性、可持续性、互联互通、创新和包容性纳入优先事项，共同应对最紧迫的经济挑战。

2. 亚太经合组织美国年以推进可持续和包容性经济政策为目标，同时致力于应对环境挑战。

二、经济合作和贸易重点：宣言重申，决心打造自由、开放、公平、非歧视、透明、包容、可预期的贸易和投资环境。

3. 重申以规则为基础、以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制的重要性，

4. 宣言称，将对世界贸易组织进行必要改革，争取2024年前恢复全面、运转良好、所有成员可参与的争端解决机制。

5. 我们强调致力于以市场驱动方式推进区域经济一体化，包括推进亚太自由贸易区议程。

三、气候变化、粮食安全和数字经济方面的合作目标：

6. 加大力度应对气候变化：要“加快清洁、可持续、公正、可负担、包容性的能源转型”，到本世纪中叶实现全球温室气体净零排放/碳中和，力图在2030年将全球可再生能源装机容量增至目前的三倍。

7. 实现粮食安全和营养：通过《亚太经合组织2030年粮食安全路线图》，致力于推动农业、林业、海洋、渔业资源的可持续管理，提高农业可持续性，使农业和粮食系统更加强韧、高产、创新、可持续。

8. 支持数字经济的发展：要打造包容性的数字经济，强调在数据隐私、云计算、电信网络等领域的合作，通过数字技术合作实现可持续和包容性的发展。

9.《旧金山宣言》中涉及的相关其它文件：

（1）亚太经合组织的宗旨和工作遵循：《2040年亚太经合组织布特拉加亚愿景》和《奥特奥罗亚行动计划》

（2）应对环境挑战：《亚太经合组织生物循环绿色经济曼谷目标》

（3）贸易、投资、可持续：《贸易和投资政策包容和可持续旧金山原则》《亚太经合组织合作公正能源转型非约束原则》《通过可持续农业体系保障粮食安全原则》

（4）强化设施联通、政策沟通和民心相通：《亚太经合组织互联互通蓝图（2015－2025）》

（5）农业和粮食系统更加强韧、高产、创新、可持续：《亚太经合组织2030年粮食安全路线图》

（6）打造包容性的数字经济：《亚太经合组织互联网和数字经济路线图》

2023年亚太经合组织领导人旧金山宣言（摘要）

——为所有人创建强韧和可持续未来

我们，亚太经合组织领导人于2023年11月16日至17日在美国加利福尼亚州旧金山举行会议。1993年美国主办首次亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议，30年来我们坚定致力于亚太经合组织宗旨，使本地区成为全球增长的先锋。

我们必须利用技术和经济进步，继续释放本地区的巨大潜力和活力，促进经济增长，应对包括气候变化在内的所有环境挑战。《旧金山宣言》中的承诺建立在以往亚太经合组织东道主工作基础之上，推动本地区将韧性、可持续性、互联互通、创新和包容性纳入优先事项，共同应对最紧迫的经济挑战。亚太经合组织的宗旨和工作都遵循《2040年亚太经合组织布特拉加亚愿景》和《奥特奥罗亚行动计划》的指引，致力于2040年建成开放、活力、强韧、和平的亚太共同体，实现所有人民和子孙后代的共同繁荣。

亚太经合组织美国年以《亚太经合组织生物循环绿色经济曼谷目标》为基础，《曼谷目标》确立了推进可持续和包容性经济政策的目标，同时确保这些政策能应对环境挑战。我们欢迎《贸易和投资政策包容和可持续旧金山原则》，以及2023年交通、贸易、减灾、粮食安全、卫生、能源、妇女、中小企业、财政等专业领域部长级会议的成果，包括《亚太经合组织合作公正能源转型非约束原则》《通过可持续农业体系保障粮食安全原则》。我们也欢迎修订版的《减灾风险框架》及其行动计划。

我们重申决心打造自由、开放、公平、非歧视、透明、包容、可预期的贸易和投资环境。我们也重申以规则为基础、以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制的重要性，有助于继续推动本地区的快速增长。我们致力于对世界贸易组织进行必要改革，增强其各项职能，包括着眼于2024年前恢复全面、运转良好、所有成员可参与的争端解决机制开展相关讨论。我们呼吁亚太经合组织经济体及时有效落实世界贸易组织协定，重申致力于建设性参与第13届部长级会议，确保会议成功并取得积极成果。

我们强调致力于以市场驱动方式推进区域经济一体化，包括推进亚太自由贸易区议程。为此，我们将加强能力建设和技术合作，支持本组织经济体参与地区全面和高质量发展事业。

我们将继续致力于营造公平竞争的良好贸易投资环境。我们重申致力于保持市场开放，解决供应链中断问题，包括推进安全、有竞争力、强韧、可持续和开放的供应链，打造可预测、有竞争力和数字联通的亚太。我们致力于落实《亚太经合组织互联互通蓝图（2015－2025）》，强化设施联通、政策沟通和民心相通。我们将加大努力促进地区、次区域和边远地区的互联互通。

世界继续面临气候变化影响带来的深刻挑战。我们认识到，各经济体需要加大力度，在考虑最新科学发展和不同国情的基础上，通过各种途径加快清洁、可持续、公正、可负担、包容性的能源转型，实现到本世纪中叶左右全球温室气体净零排放/碳中和。在此过程中，我们努力开启一个体面就业、投资、经济增长的新时代，并确保本地区的能源安全、韧性、可及。到2030年，我们努力争取全球可再生能源装机增至目前的三倍。

我们致力于充分落实《亚太经合组织2030年粮食安全路线图》，使我们的农业和粮食系统更加强韧、高产、创新、可持续，同时认识到在促进农业可持续性方面没有统一的解决方案。我们重申致力于农业、林业、海洋、渔业资源的可持续管理。我们重申农业生产力、国际贸易、节粮减损对实现粮食安全的重要性，将加倍努力实现粮食安全和营养。

我们将继续致力于改善人民生活质量，为所有人创建强韧和可持续的未来。为此，我们将继续推进并支持性别平等，促进经济包容，赋权中小微企业、劳动力、妇女、青年以及包括土著人、残疾人、偏远和农村社区等。

我们强调，必须为中小微企业和初创企业开辟发展道路，包括通过各种机会提高“专精特新”能力。支持中小微企业拓展区域和全球市场，包括通过融入全球价值链、推动大中小企业融通创新、加快中小微企业数字化转型、鼓励提供“小快轻准”数字化产品和解决方案。

我们重申致力于通过促进妇女全面和平等参与经济，发挥领导力，促进经济增长，包括改善妇女获得资金和资产、市场、技能和能力建设、发言权和代表性，以及创新和科技的途径。

我们重申致力于为企业和消费者创造良好、包容、开放、公平、非歧视的数字生态系统。我们欢迎落实《亚太经合组织互联网和数字经济路线图》，为所有人打造包容性的数字经济。我们鼓励各经济体加快落实该路线图，包括在数据隐私、云计算、电信网络、促进交互操作性、信息和通信技术安全、数字贸易、电子商务、新兴技术以及促进创新、应用赋能技术和服务等领域。为充分释放数字技术潜力，公平分享数字技术红利，降低风险，我们将探索制定协同一致的应对政策，促进数字技术领域国际合作，欢迎就数字技术治理开展国际讨论。我们承诺通过弥合数字鸿沟，强化数字基础设施，确保没有人掉队。我们将加快数字化转型，合作促进数据流动，加强企业和消费者对数字交易的信任。

我们认识到腐败损害经济增长和发展，承诺采取务实行动，团结一致，共同打击跨境腐败，拒绝为腐败分子及其非法资产提供避风港。我们欢迎今年在上述领域开展的相关工作。

我们共同致力于加强亚太经合组织领导作用，维护其作为地区重要经济合作论坛的地位。我们期待秘鲁、韩国和越南分别于2024年、2025年和2027年担任亚太经合组织东道主，支持未来东道主工作。

来源：新华社

【英语原文】

2023 APEC Leaders’ Golden Gate Declaration

Creating a Resilient and Sustainable Future for All

We, the Economic Leaders of APEC, met in San Francisco, California, on November 16-17, 2023. Three decades after the United States hosted the first APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting on Blake Island near Seattle in 1993, it is clear our steady commitment to APEC’s mission has helped our region become a vanguard of global growth. Here in San Francisco, we emphasized that effective policies require, above all, responsiveness to all our people and economies. This commitment has grounded our vision and practical work in San Francisco and throughout the U.S. host year meetings in Honolulu, Palm Springs, Detroit, and Seattle.

Today we face a different and dynamic set of economic challenges. We must harness technological and economic progress to continue to unleash the enormous potential and tremendous dynamism across our region, spur economic growth, as well as to address all environmental challenges, including climate change. The commitments found within this Golden Gate Declaration build upon the work of previous APEC hosts and move our region towards new ways of bringing resiliency, sustainability, interconnection, innovation and inclusion directly into our priorities and working together to respond to our most pressing economic challenges. Our APEC mission and our practical work remain guided by our commitment, as laid out in the Putrajaya Vision 2040 and the Aotearoa Plan of Action, to an open, dynamic, resilient, and peaceful Asia-Pacific community by 2040, for the prosperity of all our people and future generations. In focusing that vision and work this year on the U.S. theme of “Creating a Resilient and Sustainable Future for All,” we have acknowledged both new challenges that confront us and innovative ways to respond to those challenges.

The U.S. host year builds on APEC’s Bangkok Goals on the Bio-Circular-Green Economy, which established the goal of progressing sustainable and inclusive economic policies while ensuring they also address environmental challenges. We welcome the San Francisco Principles on Integrating Inclusivity and Sustainability into Trade and Investment Policy (Annex) as well as the ministerial-level deliberations of the 2023 sectoral ministerial meetings for Transportation, Trade, Disaster Management, Food Security, Health and the Economy, Energy, Women and the Economy, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Finance, including the Non-Binding Just Energy Transition Principles for APEC Cooperation; Principles for Achieving Food Security Through Sustainable Agri-Food Systems in the APEC Region. We also welcome the updated Disaster Risk Reduction Framework and Action Plan.

We reaffirm our determination to deliver a free, open, fair, non-discriminatory, transparent, inclusive, and predictable trade and investment environment. We also reaffirm the importance of the rules-based multilateral trading system, with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core, which continues to catalyze our region’s extraordinary growth. We are committed to necessary reform of the WTO to improve all of its functions, including conducting discussions with a view to having a fully and well-functioning dispute settlement system accessible to all members by 2024. We call upon APEC economies to work towards the timely and effective implementation of WTO agreements and reaffirm our commitment to engage constructively to ensure MC13 is a success and delivers positive outcomes

We underscore our commitment to advance economic integration in the region in a manner that is market-driven, including through the work on the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific agenda. To this end, we will enhance our capacity building and technical cooperation efforts in support of economies’ readiness to participate in high quality and comprehensive regional undertakings. We will further strengthen our engagement with stakeholders, including the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and increase public-private sector dialogues.

We will continue to work to ensure a level playing field to foster a favorable trade and investment environment. We reiterate our commitment to accelerate work in response to the APEC Services Competitiveness Roadmap (ASCR) Mid-Term Review, with the aim to fully implement the ASCR by 2025. We also reaffirm our commitment to keep markets open and address supply chain disruptions, including by working to support our businesses in building secure, effective, resilient, sustainable, and open supply chains that create a predictable, competitive, and digitally interconnected Asia-Pacific region. By recognizing the unique needs and interests of all stakeholders, we can work towards more inclusive and sustainable policies that ensure our trade and investment equitably benefits all our people and economies. We remain committed to implementing the APEC Connectivity Blueprint (2015-2025) by strengthening physical, institutional and people-to-people connectivity. We will intensify efforts to promote regional, sub-regional and remote area connectivity. In this regard, we reaffirm the importance of quality infrastructure development and investment.

The world continues to confront profound challenges posed by the impacts of climate change. We recognize that more intensive efforts are needed for economies to accelerate their clean, sustainable, just, affordable, and inclusive energy transitions through various pathways, consistent with global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions / carbon neutrality by or around mid-century, while taking into account the latest scientific developments and different domestic circumstances. In doing so, we endeavor to unleash a new era of decent jobs, investment, economic growth, and ensure energy, security, resilience, and access in the region. We recall our commitment to rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while recognizing the importance of providing those in need with essential energy services. To reach this goal, we will continue our efforts in an accelerated manner.

We will pursue and encourage efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally through existing targets and policies as well as demonstrate similar ambition with respect to other zero and low emissions technologies including abatement and removal technologies in line with domestic circumstances by 2030. To spur the transition to and investment in low and zero emissions transportation in the region through various pathways, we will pursue efforts to accelerate the transition towards low and zero emissions vehicles; sustainable aviation fuels; and low and zero emission maritime shipping and port decarbonization.

We commit to fully implement the Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030 as a pathway to make our agri-food systems more resilient, productive, innovative, and sustainable, while recognizing there is “no-one-size-fits-all” approach to agricultural sustainability. We also reaffirm our commitment to work towards the sustainable resource management of agriculture, forestry and marine resources and fisheries, including combatting illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and emphasize the relationship between open, undistorted agri-food systems, climate change, and food security and nutrition. We reaffirm the importance of agricultural productivity, international trade, and prevention and reduction of food loss and waste, in achieving food security, and will increase our efforts to ensuring food security and nutrition.

We remain committed to improving the quality of life for all our people, and to creating a resilient and sustainable future for all. To do so we will continue to advance and support gender equality as well as the economic inclusion and empowerment of MSMEs, the workforce, women, youth, and other groups with untapped economic potential, such as Indigenous Peoples as appropriate, persons with disabilities, and those from remote and rural communities.

We emphasize the importance of creating pathways for MSMEs and start-ups to grow, including through opportunities to become more competitive, specialized, and innovative. We will support MSMEs to expand into regional and global markets, including by integrating into global value chains, through collaboration with large enterprises, and through the use of digital tools and technologies. We encourage the development of easy-to-use and cost-effective products and solutions that help MSMEs accelerate their digital transformation. We recognize the importance of access to finance to facilitate growth. We reaffirm the importance of building an enabling environment for MSMEs, as well as supporting the transition of economic actors from the informal to the formal economy.

Here in San Francisco, where APEC first launched the Women and the Economy Forum in 2011, we reaffirmed our commitment to promote economic growth including by fostering the full and equal participation and leadership of women in the economy, including by improving women’s access to capital and assets, markets, skills and capacity building, voices and agency, and innovation and technology. We welcome continued efforts to accelerate full implementation of the La Serena Roadmap for Women and Inclusive Growth to drive inclusive economic development. We commit to care policies and investments in care infrastructure that address the unequal distribution in paid and unpaid care and domestic work, and furthering gender equality in global value chains. We will support women’s meaningful economic participation, particularly in the sustainable economy, as well as women’s and girls’ education, including in STEM fields. We reiterate our commitment to actively encourage initiatives and strategies to prevent and respond to gender-based violence and discrimination against women and girls of diverse backgrounds.

We reaffirm our commitment to create an enabling, inclusive, open, fair and non-discriminatory digital ecosystem for business and consumers. We welcome U.S. efforts to implement the APEC Internet and Digital Economy Roadmap (AIDER), which will foster an inclusive digital economy for all. We encourage all economies to accelerate efforts to implement AIDER, including in the areas of data privacy, cloud computing, telecommunications networks, promoting interoperability, ICT security, and digital trade and e-commerce, emerging technologies, and promoting innovation and adoption of enabling technologies and services. To unlock the full potential of digital technology, equitably share its benefits, and mitigate risks, we will explore a concerted and collaborative policy response, promote international cooperation on digital technology, and welcome a continued international discussion on governance for digital technology. We also commit to bridging the digital divide, including halving the gender digital divide by 2030, taking into account different domestic circumstances. We will strengthen digital infrastructure, facilitate access to information and communication technology goods and services, and ensure that no one is left behind by equipping all people with the necessary skills needed to thrive in the digital economy. We will accelerate digital transformation and cooperate on facilitating the flow of data and strengthening business and consumer trust in digital transactions, including through cooperation on regulatory approaches regarding the internet and digital economy, as well as consumer protection and data privacy in the digital environment. Furthermore, we recognize APEC’s efforts towards a more inclusive APEC Business Travel Card as an enabling technology that support efficient and seamless business travel in the region, and APEC’s efforts to facilitate the recovery of travel and tourism following the pandemic.

Recognizing the detrimental impact of corruption on economic growth and development, we are committed to taking practical actions and a united approach, to jointly fight cross-border corruption and deny safe haven to corruption offenders and their illicit assets. We welcome the work this year in this regard.

Our stakeholders and business communities bring creativity, dynamism, and energy and remain vital partners in our work. We look forward to further strengthening multi-stakeholder engagement, including with ABAC and Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, as well as through events such as the APEC CEO Summit, and Sustainable Future Forum.

This Golden Gate Declaration and our cooperation throughout the U.S. host year exemplify our shared commitment to strengthening APEC’s leadership and standing as the premiere forum for economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. We look forward to the upcoming APEC host years of Peru (2024), the Republic of Korea (2025), and Viet Nam (2027), and we pledge our support to those economies as they advance APEC’s vital work. We extend our thanks to the people and City of San Francisco and State of California for the warm welcome extended to us.

来源：APEC官网

地址：https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/leadersdeclarations/2023/2023-leaders-declaration

编辑：陶含孜

校审：王祚