AI-assisted protein engineering is driving transformative advances in medicine, materials, and biological research. However, this powerful technology also presents significant biosecurity risks due to its dual-use nature—capable of both beneficial innovation and potential misuse. Research shows AI can design modified harmful proteins, such as ricin, that evade current DNA synthesis screening systems designed to prevent dangerous pathogen creation. These findings highlight a growing vulnerability in biosecurity protocols, as AI lowers technical barriers to generating toxins or pathogens. While the promise of AI in biology is immense, it demands urgent attention to strengthen oversight, improve detection methods, and establish ethical guidelines. Balancing innovation with security is essential to ensure AI-driven breakthroughs are used responsibly and safely, protecting public health without stifling scientific progress.

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