Controlling Large Electric Vehicle Charging Stations via User Behavior Modeling and Stochastic Programming

Embodied AI and Robotics Robust MPC ML RL
2024年02月20日
本文介绍了一种电动汽车充电站(EVCS)模型,该模型结合了现实世界的约束条件,例如插槽功率限制、合同阈值超支惩罚或电动汽车(EV)的早期断开连接等。我们提出了一个关于不确定性下EVCS控制问题的公式,并实现了两种多阶段随机规划方法,利用用户提供的信息,即模型预测控制和两阶段随机规划。该模型解决了充电会话开始和结束时间以及能量需求的不确定性。基于逗留时间依赖的随机过程的用户行为模型提高了成本降低的同时保持客户满意度。使用真实数据集进行22天模拟,展示了两种提出的方法相对于两个基线的优势。两阶段方法通过考虑更广泛的优化不确定性场景来展示对早期断开连接的鲁棒性。优先考虑用户满意度而非电费的算法相对于行业标准基线在两个用户满意度指标上分别实现了20%和36%的改进。此外,最佳平衡成本和用户满意度的算法相对于理论最优基线(在其中非预测性约束被放松)仅有3%的相对成本增加,同时在两个使用的满意度指标中达到了94%和84%的用户满意度表现。
This paper introduces an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) model that incorporates real-world constraints, such as slot power limitations, contract threshold overruns penalties, or early disconnections of electric vehicles (EVs). We propose a formulation of the problem of EVCS control under uncertainty, and implement two Multi-Stage Stochastic Programming approaches that leverage user-provided information, namely, Model Predictive Control and Two-Stage Stochastic Programming. The model addresses uncertainties in charging session start and end times, as well as in energy demand. A user's behavior model based on a sojourn-time-dependent stochastic process enhances cost reduction while maintaining customer satisfaction. The benefits of the two proposed methods are showcased against two baselines over a 22-day simulation using a real-world dataset. The two-stage approach demonstrates robustness against early disconnections by considering a wider range of uncertainty scenarios for optimization. The algorithm prioritizing user satisfaction over electricity cost achieves a 20% and 36% improvement in two user satisfaction metrics compared to an industry-standard baseline. Additionally, the algorithm striking the best balance between cost and user satisfaction exhibits a mere 3% relative cost increase compared to the theoretically optimal baseline - for which the nonanticipativity constraint is relaxed - while attaining 94% and 84% of the user satisfaction performance in the two used satisfaction metrics.
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