Understanding the Needs of Nonhuman Stakeholders in Design Process: An Overview of and Reflection on Methods

传统的设计实践通常关注人类问题，要么监管气候问题对非人类利益相关者的各种影响，要么将它们视为解决这些问题的资源。气候危机的紧迫性要求设计向可持续性和包容性转变。这种转变正在通过设计中的一个新兴主题——“超越人类”（MTH）——发生，它将用户的概念扩展到动物、物品、自然和微生物。这种扩展要求设计师在设计过程中考虑非人类的视角。本文调查了MTH设计研究中用于探索和综合非人类用户视角的方法。通过审查30篇论文，本文强调了MTH研究中动物和物品优先于植物和微生物的主要关注点，以及综合方法的稀缺性。它确定了代表非人类与其在更大生态系统中的关系的工具的必要性，并呼吁加强对植物和微生物的关注，强调它们在可持续环境中的重要作用，并敦促研究人员开发了解这些物种的方法。通过突出方法的优缺点，本文旨在指导计划与非人类用户合作的设计师和设计研究人员选择适当的方法。

MTH Design studies lack methods to explore and synthesize nonhuman perspectives during the design process, especially for plants and microbes.

The More-Than-Human (MTH) approach expands the notion of the user to animals, things, nature, and microbes, requiring designers to consider nonhuman perspectives during the design process. The paper identifies a need for tools that represent nonhumans with their relationships within larger ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of plants and microbes in sustainable environments.

The paper reviewed 30 MTH Design studies and found a predominant focus on animals and things over plants and microbes, as well as a scarcity of synthesis methods. The paper calls for increased attention to plants and microbes and the development of methods for understanding these species.

Related studies include 'Designing for More-Than-Human Worlds: A Critical Introduction to the More-Than-Human Approach and its Methods' by Laurens Boer, and 'More-than-human participatory research methods: Working with animal and plant companions' by Anja K. Hansen et al.