AI Must Embrace Specialization via Superhuman Adaptable Intelligence

AI Safety / AI Ethics EVA Other AI Safety
从人工智能企业高管、研究人员,到末日论者、政界人士及社会活动家,各界人士都在热议“通用人工智能”(AGI)。然而,他们往往对AGI的确切定义莫衷一是。一种广为流传的定义认为,AGI是指能够完成人类所能完成的一切任务的人工智能;但人类本身真的“通用”吗?本文探讨了我们对AGI这一概念的理解存在哪些根本性偏差,并指出:即便在最严谨、最自洽的表述下,AGI仍是一个有缺陷的概念,无法准确刻画人工智能未来的发展图景。我们审视了当前最受认可的若干AGI定义,考察其是否合理、是否具有实际指导价值、以及是否真正具备“通用性”。我们认为,人工智能的发展方向不应是追求面面俱到的“通用”,而应坚定走向“专业化”;并且,在专业化道路上,应以超越人类的卓越性能为目标。为此,我们提出“超人适应型智能”(Superhuman Adaptable Intelligence, SAI)这一新概念。SAI被定义为:一种能够通过学习,在人类所能胜任的任何重要任务上实现全面超越,并能填补人类能力所不及之技能空白的智能形态。随后,我们阐明SAI如何助力厘清当前因AGI定义泛化、负载过重而日益模糊的人工智能讨论;并进一步推演:若以SAI为指引来规划人工智能的未来发展,将带来哪些深远影响与实践启示。
Everyone from AI executives and researchers to doomsayers, politicians, and activists is talking about Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Yet, they often don't seem to agree on its exact definition. One common definition of AGI is an AI that can do everything a human can do, but are humans truly general? In this paper, we address what's wrong with our conception of AGI, and why, even in its most coherent formulation, it is a flawed concept to describe the future of AI. We explore whether the most widely accepted definitions are plausible, useful, and truly general. We argue that AI must embrace specialization, rather than strive for generality, and in its specialization strive for superhuman performance, and introduce Superhuman Adaptable Intelligence (SAI). SAI is defined as intelligence that can learn to exceed humans at anything important that we can do, and that can fill in the skill gaps where humans are incapable. We then lay out how SAI can help hone a discussion around AI that was blurred by an overloaded definition of AGI, and extrapolate the implications of using it as a guide for the future.
许愿